What are pulsars of the space ?

A pulsar is a highly magnetized rotating neutron star that emits beams of electromagnetic radiations out of it's magnetic poles. This radiations can be observed only when a beam of emission is pointing towards Earth and is responsible for the pulsed appearance of emission. Neutron stars are very dense, and have short, regular rotational periods.

A core of a massive star is compressed during a supernova which collapses into a neutron star which leads to the formation of pulsars. In rotation-powered pulsars, the beam originates from the rotational energy of the neutron star, which generates an electric field from the movement of very strong magnetic field, resulting in the acceleration of protons and electrons on the surface of the stars and the creation of an electromagnetic beam emanating from the poles of the magnetic field.

There are three distinct classes of pulsars currently known to astronomers. 

1. Rotational-powered pulsars: where the loss of rotational energy of the stars provides the power

2.Accretion-powered pulsars :(accounting for most but not all X-ray pulsars), where the gravitational potential energy of accretedmatter is the power source (producing X-rays that are observable from the Earth).

3.Magnetars: where the decay of an extremely strong magnetic field provides the electromagnetic power.